바울의 마지막 예루살렘 방문 (Paul’s Last Journey To Jerusalem)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양고대역사문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양고대사연구 / 35호 / 255 ~ 282페이지
· 저자명 : 정기문

초록

이 논문은 바울의 마지막 예루살렘 방문을 바울과 할례당의 대립이라는 시각에서 분석하였다. 안티오키아 사건 이후 바울은 안티오키아 교회, 그리고 베드로와 결별하고 서쪽으로 가서 독자적으로 교회를 조직하였다. 그가 지중해 일대에 이십여개의 교회를 세우자, 예루살렘 교회의 ‘할례당’은 그의 사도직과 그의 가르침을 인정하지 않았고, 그가 개척한 교회를 ‘접수’하려고 하였다.
이에 바울은 목숨을 걸고 투쟁을 벌였고, 그 투쟁의 정점이 그의 마지막 예루살렘 방문이다. 그는 예루살렘 방문을 감행하면 죽을 줄 알고 있었지만, ‘할례당’의 공격으로 자신의 교회들이 흔들리고 더 이상 선교 활동을 계속할 수 없었기 때문에 마지막 승부수를 띠웠다. 바울은 예루살렘을 방문하여 주의 형제 야고보의 지지를 끌어냄으로써 할례당의 예봉을 꺾으려고 하였다.
그러나 그는 패배를 피할 수 없었다. 57년에 바울이 예루살렘에 도착하자 주의 형제 야고보가 중재의 몸짓을 보였지만 ‘할례당’은 주변의 유대인과 협력하여 끝내 바울을 죽이려고 하였다. 그렇게 예루살렘 교회를 설득하는데 실패한 바울은 패배자, 실패자로 인생을 마감하게 된다. 바울이 역사의 승리자로 떠오르게 된 것은 그의 생전에 그의 무리가 승리했기 때문이 아니라, 66년 유대의 반란으로 반대자들이 몰락했기 때문이었다.

영어초록

There were serious conflicts between Paul and the Jerusalem Church in the 50s of the first century. The Circumcision Party who had the initiative of Jerusalem Church attacked Paul and his followers. Some followers of Paul deserted him and served the opponents of Paul.
As the attack of the Circumcision Party gained successes more and more, Paul came to a crisis to loose his churches. To weather the crisis Paul determined to journey to Jerusalem to meet James. As described in Acts, James was a moderate figure and sought compromise and peace in early Christianity. If he had sided with Paul, Paul could overcome difficulties.
In expectation of help of James Paul decided to make a final journey to Jerusalem. As Paul arrived in Jerusalem in 57 James received him gladly but noted some danger to him. James was afraid of the threat of the Circumcision Party. If they had known the arrival of Paul they would have killed Paul. Because they regarded Paul as an apostate who had taught the Jews of the diaspora to forsake the Mosaic laws. To prevent such conflicts James requested Paul that he should show his respect for Law. Paul went to Temple to give offerings to God.
When Paul was in the temple some “Jews from Asia” recognized Paul in the temple and accused him of transgressing the law. I thought there were some conspiracy between “Jews from Asia” and the Circumcision Party. Furthermore they were strongly supported by the high Priest and his followers.
The fact that any member of the Jerusalem church didn't gave any help to Paul when Paul was at stake backed up my thesis. Considering the attitude of the author of Acts of ignoring and hiding the tensions and conflicts in the early Church, the disclosure of tension of Acts in this scene has a great meaning. The tension between Paul and the Circumcision Party was so fierce that the author of Acts could not hide it. In sum, Circumcision Party of the Jerusalem Church rejected the proposal of James and Paul and were like to have a hand probably in Paul's arrest.

참고자료

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